Science facts - A Journey Towards Science

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   Plants can grow in artificial light, but the power of artificial light is not as strong as sunlight, and its red and blue light is weaker than that of sunlight. LED lights, which are especially used in indoor grow rooms, reduce the difference between artificial light and sunlight, and can help plants grow better. Plants have an extraordinary power - the process of photosynthesis - that allows them to make their food from starch. All you need is carbon dioxide and some water. To support these processes, the plant needs some energy that it gets from sunlight. Unfortunately, the sun does not shine completely throughout the year all over the planet, when at the poles in countries such as Iceland and Finland in the north, or in Antarctica in the south, the presence of the sun decreases to only 8 hours per day. Besides seasonal changes, cities pose a problem for houseplants, as tall buildings and skyscrapers can block dwellings from sunlight. So, we have to turn on the lights! ...

 10. No high cholesterol: While most of us worry about the amount of foods accused of raising blood cholesterol, we find some individuals are not affected by this issue, especially since they have a mutation that led to a deficiency in the gene PCSK9. After scientists discovered more than ten years ago how this deficiency affects blood cholesterol levels in some African Americans, companies created drugs that suppress this gene, and it was noticed after the experiments that this step reduced cholesterol by 75%. 9- HIV resistance: HIV is considered one of the most dangerous viruses that infect humans, but some individuals can resist it through a mutation that stops the action of the CCR5 protein, especially since the virus needs it to bind to the CD4 receptor and be able to enter the host's cells.   However, some types of this virus have generated other proteins that they use to enter cells. 8- Resistance to infection with malaria: Only people with sickle cell anemia can fight ...

 Changes week by week! Pregnancy is defined as the period between the inception of the fetus (fertilization) and birth, that is, during the growth and development of the child in the mother's womb. And because it is impossible to know exactly when the fetus was conceived; The gestational age is calculated from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period. It is calculated in weeks. This means that during the first and second weeks of pregnancy, a woman in it is not yet pregnant. This is when her body prepares to receive the fetus. A normal pregnancy lasts for 37 to 41 weeks. Week 1 - 2: The first week of pregnancy is from the first day of a woman's menstrual cycle and she is not considered pregnant yet. - At the end of the second week, the egg is secreted from the ovary, and this is at the most likely time for pregnancy if sexual intercourse takes place without contraception. Week 3: sperm. During sexual intercourse, after the man ejaculates, sperm enter the vagina. ...

 For the first time, researchers have connected electronically the brains of pairs of mice to enable them to communicate directly to solve simple behavioral puzzles. Another test of this idea succeeded in connecting the brains of two animals thousands of miles apart - one in Durham, North Carolina, and the other in Natal, Brazil.   Miguel Nicolelis, M.D. and Philosophy, lead author of the publication and professor of neurobiology at Duke University, School of Medicine, said: “Our previous studies with mediation between the brain and the machine have convinced us that the mouse brain is more plastic than we previously thought. In those experiments, the mouse brain was able to easily adapt to receive information from devices outside the body as well as learn how to process the invisible infrared rays generated by an artificial sensor. So the question we asked was, 'If the brain is able to absorb signals from artificial sensors, can it absorb the information input from sensors fr...

  Spores are reproductive cells that are able to grow to be a new individual without the need to fuse with another reproductive cell. Thus spores differ from gametes (which are reproductive cells that must fuse in pairs in order to form a new individual). Spores are the medium of asexual reproduction, while gametes are the medium of sexual reproduction. Spores are produced by bacteria, fungi, algae, and some plants. Bacterial spores largely represent a relaxation or dormant phase in the bacterial life cycle, which helps preserve the bacteria during periods of unfavorable conditions. Spore production is particularly common among the bacteria Bacillus and Clostridium, which several types cause disease. Many bacterial spores are extremely vigorous and can grow even years after they are dormant. In fungi, the function of spores is the same as that of plant seeds. They are produced and released by specialized formulas, such as the edible portion of mushrooms, in which fungal spores repr...

 How do scientists determine the age of fossils or fossils? When paleontologist Mary Schweitzer discovered soft tissues in a fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex, the question was how did these tissues survive so long? The age of these discovered bones was 65 million years, and what I know about fossilization is that all soft cells degrade, whether it is blood or brains. Only hard parts like bones and teeth can become fossils. But on the other side, the discovery raised a different question for some people, which is how scientists know if the age of the fossils is really 65 million years old.   Our knowledge today of the age of fossils or fossils is based mainly on radiometric dating. This method is based on the properties of isotopes, which are similar chemical elements such as carbon and uranium except for one main property, which is the number of neutrons in each nucleus. Usually an atom contains an equal number of protons and neutrons, and the atom becomes unstable if there are man...

 Proteins are among the most versatile macromolecules in living systems, as they perform biological functions on a large scale, and this is reflected in their structural diversity. Proteins consist mainly of (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), in addition to some other elements that are found in specific specialized proteins, such as iron in hemoglobin protein and phosphorous in casein protein. All proteins consist of building blocks known as amino acids, which are linked together by bonds called peptide bonds. It is worth noting that there are 22 different amino acids in the proteins of living organisms. The process of building protein depends on ribosomes along with nucleic acids, which include two types: First: DNA And the second: all types of RNA (messenger RNA, tRNA, and rRNA, which is the functional unit of the ribosome). The process of building proteins in a cell consists of two main steps: 1- The transcription process 2- The translation process Transcription p...

 I see bacteria when someone sneezes near us. We rush to wash our hands, spray the table with disinfectant, and even grimace !, We are, in fact, doing everything we can to avoid confrontation with the germy world. But the truth is that we are practically nothing but mobile bacterial cultures that go on two feet, cramming for the last of us with bacterial colonies, from our skins to the depths of our guts. Inside you lives an amount of bacteria that is enough to fill half a gallon, and the human body is overcrowded with a number of bacterial cells equal to ten times the number of his own body cells, but because of the small size of these bacteria, they only need a small space of space. Despite the apparent horror of this matter, in reality it is a very good and useful thing for a person. Even more, according to Caroline Buch, a microbiologist at the University of Idaho, the sum of the genes we got from bacteria is a hundred and fifty times greater than the genes we inherited from ou...

 At the outset, my goal of this article was to list the various theories reached by science regarding the emergence of life on planet Earth. With the passage of time and within the period of research with which I worked to collect sources, I found that it is more appropriate to shift the direction of the article from merely listing theories to a more comprehensive view and listing the natural factors that exist on planet Earth in particular and space in general that must exist to form life.. This is if we assume that life is a natural process that results automatically as soon as the appropriate conditions are provided. I would like to note that this article does not explain how life began, as we still do not know the answer to this scientific riddle, and everyone who claims to know the answer is claiming to know something without evidence or proof. We can identify and refute the factors necessary to shape life, but we do not know how it began in a proven way. I hope to consider th...

 When President Trump was diagnosed with COVID-19, one of the most recent experimental treatments he received was a combination of monoclonal antibodies. But a vaccine may soon become available, so are other treatments necessary or helpful? What are monoclonal antibodies, in particular? Over the past few months, people have learned about the various treatments used to fight COVID-19. The anti-virus creamdisifir contributes to inhibiting the proliferation of viruses in human cells, and the plasma from the blood of donors recovering from Covid-19 may contain antibodies that suppress the virus and inflammation, and steroids such as dexamethasone work to change and reduce the serious inflammatory damage affecting the lungs, which leads to slowing failure Respiratory system. The Food and Drug Administration has issued clearance for the approval of a monoclonal antibody drug for Eli Lilly called mlanifemab in emergency cases, and Regeneron is awaiting the green light from the FDA to appr...

The most ancient mutations were explained by researchers at the Sanger Institute and their collaborators. The oldest human mutations were observed by researchers in this institute, and the genes were analyzed from adult cells and scientists were able to look back to reveal and learn how each embryo developed. This study was published in the newspaper (Al-Nature), the study showed that, starting from the two-cell stage in the human embryo, one of these two cells becomes more dominant than the other and later forms a higher proportion of the adult body. And this question remained for a long time for researchers: What happened during the very early evolution of humans? It was not possible to study this directly. Now the researchers analyzed the complete genome sequences in blood samples collected from 279 people with breast cancer and discovered the 63 mutations that occurred very early during the embryonic development of these people, and once they were identified, the researchers used t...